水肥一體化智能灌溉系統通(tong)常包(bao)括(kuo)水源工(gong)程、首部樞紐、田間輸配水管網系統(tong)和灌水器等四(si)部分(fen)，實際(ji)生(sheng)產中由(you)于供水條件和灌溉要(yao)求不同，施肥系統(tong)可能僅由(you)部分(fen)設備組成。

水(shui)肥一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)智能灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)結構(gou)包括：控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柜(ju)、觸摸屏控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、混肥硬件設備系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、無線采集(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，支持pc端以(yi)(yi)及(ji)微信端實(shi)施(shi)(shi)查看數據(ju)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前端設備；水(shui)肥一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)智能灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)幫(bang)助生(sheng)產者很方(fang)便的(de)實(shi)現自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)的(de)水(shui)肥一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管理(li)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)由上位機軟(ruan)件系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、區域控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柜(ju)、分(fen)(fen)路控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)、變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)、數據(ju)采集(ji)終端組成。通過與供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)機結合，實(shi)現智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)實(shi)現智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)監測(ce)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)中的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)時間、施(shi)(shi)肥濃度(du)(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)。變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)（土壤水(shui)分(fen)(fen)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)、流量(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)等(deng)）將實(shi)時監測(ce)的(de)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)狀況，當灌(guan)(guan)區土壤濕度(du)(du)(du)達到(dao)預(yu)先設定(ding)的(de)下限值(zhi)時，電磁(ci)閥可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)開啟，當監測(ce)的(de)土壤含水(shui)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)液位達到(dao)預(yu)設的(de)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)定(ding)額(e)后，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)關閉電磁(ci)閥系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)根據(ju)時間段調度(du)(du)(du)整個(ge)灌(guan)(guan)區電磁(ci)閥的(de)輪(lun)流工作，并手動(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)和采集(ji)墑情(qing)。整個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)協調工作實(shi)施(shi)(shi)輪(lun)灌(guan)(guan)，充分(fen)(fen)提高灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)用水(shui)效率，實(shi)現節水(shui)、節電，減少勞動(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)，降(jiang)低人力投入成本。

二、施肥系統

水肥一體化(hua)施肥系統(tong)原理由灌溉系統(tong)和肥料溶(rong)液混(hun)(hun)合(he)系統(tong)兩部分組成(cheng)。灌溉系統(tong)主要由灌溉泵、穩壓閥(fa)、控(kong)制(zhi)器、過(guo)濾器、田間灌溉管網以及灌溉電磁(ci)閥(fa)構成(cheng)。肥料溶(rong)液混(hun)(hun)合(he)系統(tong)由控(kong)制(zhi)器、肥料灌、施肥器、電磁(ci)閥(fa)、傳感器以及混(hun)(hun)合(he)罐(guan)、混(hun)(hun)合(he)泵組成(cheng)。

輸配水(shui)(shui)管網的(de)作用是將(jiang)首部處(chu)理過的(de)水(shui)(shui), 按照要求輸送到灌水(shui)(shui)單元和灌水(shui)(shui)器，毛管是微灌系(xi)統的(de)最末(mo)一(yi)級管道，在滴灌系(xi)統中(zhong)，即(ji)為滴灌管，在微噴系(xi)統中(zhong)，毛管上安裝微噴頭。

2.2：環境數據采(cai)集器

環境數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)器(qi)由低功(gong)耗(hao)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)傳感器(qi)、低功(gong)耗(hao)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)控制器(qi)和計(ji)算機氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)軟(ruan)件三部分組(zu)成。可同時監(jian)測大氣(qi)(qi)溫度、大氣(qi)(qi)濕度、土壤溫度、土壤濕度、雨量、風速(su)、風向、氣(qi)(qi)壓、輻射(she)、照度等諸多氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)要素；具有高(gao)精度高(gao)可靠性的特點，可實(shi)(shi)現定(ding)(ding)時氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)、實(shi)(shi)時時間顯(xian)示(shi)、氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)數(shu)據(ju)定(ding)(ding)時存儲、氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)數(shu)據(ju)定(ding)(ding)時上報、參數(shu)設定(ding)(ding)等功(gong)能(neng)。

閥(fa)(fa)門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器是接收(shou)由(you)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)工作站傳來(lai)(lai)的(de)指令(ling)并實施指令(ling)的(de)下端。閥(fa)(fa)門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器直(zhi)接與管網布(bu)置的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)相連接，接收(shou)到(dao)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)工作站的(de)指令(ling)后對電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)的(de)開閉進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，同(tong)時也能夠采集(ji)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)信息，并上傳信息至田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)工作站，一個閥(fa)(fa)門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器可控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)多個電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)是控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)灌溉(gai)的(de)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)由(you)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)節水灌溉(gai)設計輪灌組的(de)劃分來(lai)(lai)確定(ding)安裝位置及(ji)個數。

2.4：灌(guan)水器系統

微灌(guan)(guan)按灌(guan)(guan)水流(liu)量(liang)小，一次灌(guan)(guan)水延續(xu)時間(jian)較長，灌(guan)(guan)水周期(qi)短，需要的工作壓力較低，能(neng)夠較精確(que)的控制灌(guan)(guan)水量(liang)，能(neng)把水和(he)養(yang)分直接(jie)地輸送到作物(wu)根部附近的土(tu)壤中去。

三、系統功能

實現(xian)兩級用(yong)水(shui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)，通過出(chu)口流(liu)量(liang)(liang)監測作為本區(qu)域內用(yong)水(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)，通過每個支管(guan)(guan)壓力傳感采集數據實時計(ji)(ji)(ji)算各支管(guan)(guan)的輪灌水(shui)量(liang)(liang)，與閥門自動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功能結合，實現(xian)每一個閥門控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元的用(yong)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)統計(ji)(ji)(ji)。同時水(shui)泵(beng)引入流(liu)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，當超過用(yong)水(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)將通過遠程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，限制(zhi)區(qu)域用(yong)水(shui)。

3.2：運行(xing)狀態實時(shi)監控

通過水(shui)泵電流和(he)電壓(ya)監(jian)測、出水(shui)口(kou)壓(ya)力和(he)流量監(jian)測、管(guan)(guan)網分干管(guan)(guan)流量和(he)壓(ya)力監(jian)測，能夠及時發現滴(di)灌系統(tong)爆管(guan)(guan)、漏(lou)水(shui)、低壓(ya)運行(xing)等不合理灌溉事件(jian)，及時通知系統(tong)維護(hu)人員(yuan)，保障滴(di)灌系統(tong)高(gao)效。

3.3：閥門自動控制功能(neng)

通過對(dui)農田土壤墑情(qing)信(xin)息、小氣候信(xin)息和作物(wu)長勢信(xin)息的實時監測(ce)，采(cai)用無(wu)線或有(you)線技術(shu)，實現閥(fa)門的遙控啟(qi)閉(bi)和定時輪(lun)灌啟(qi)閉(bi)。根據采(cai)集(ji)到(dao)的信(xin)息，結(jie)合當(dang)地作物(wu)的需水和灌溉(gai)輪(lun)灌情(qing)況制(zhi)定自動(dong)開啟(qi)水泵、閥(fa)門，實現無(wu)人職守自動(dong)灌溉(gai)，分(fen)片控制(zhi)，預(yu)防人為誤操作。

3.4：PC展(zhan)示平臺

實現區域用水量計量管(guan)理、旱情(qing)和(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)預(yu)報專家決策(ce)、信息發布等(deng)功能的遠程決策(ce)管(guan)理；以(yi)及對(dui)用水、耗電、灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水量、維(wei)護、材料(liao)消耗等(deng)進行統計和(he)成(cheng)本核算，對(dui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)設(she)施設(she)備(bei)生成(cheng)定期維(wei)護計劃，記錄維(wei)護情(qing)況，實現灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)工程的精細化維(wei)護運行管(guan)理。

水(shui)肥一體(ti)化智能(neng)灌(guan)溉(gai)控制(zhi)系統(tong)能(neng)夠充分發(fa)揮現有(you)的(de)節(jie)水(shui)設備作用，優化調度，提(ti)高(gao)效益，通(tong)過(guo)自動控制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用，更(geng)加節(jie)水(shui)節(jie)能(neng)，降低灌(guan)溉(gai)成本，提(ti)高(gao)灌(guan)溉(gai)質量(liang)，將使(shi)灌(guan)溉(gai)更(geng)加科學、方便，提(ti)高(gao)管理水(shui)平。