《加快(kuai)建(jian)設農(nong)業(ye)強國規(gui)劃（2024—2035年）》提出“實施智慧農(nong)業(ye)建(jian)設工程(cheng)，推動(dong)規(gui)模化農(nong)場（牧場、漁場）數(shu)字(zi)化升級，培(pei)育鏈條完整(zheng)、協同(tong)聯動(dong)的(de)智慧農(nong)業(ye)集群(qun)”。2025年中央一號文件也指出要(yao)“支持發(fa)展智慧農(nong)業(ye)”“以科技創新引(yin)領先進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)集聚，因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜發(fa)展農(nong)業(ye)新質生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力”。數(shu)字(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力作為(wei)新質生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)構成部分，以科技創新為(wei)內核，正(zheng)全方位(wei)、深(shen)層次地(di)重(zhong)塑傳統農(nong)業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式與發(fa)展模式。在(zai)全面推進(jin)鄉村(cun)振興(xing)、加快(kuai)建(jian)設農(nong)業(ye)強國的(de)背景下，借助數(shu)字(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力賦能(neng)智慧農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)意義。

近(jin)年來，我國智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)業加速發(fa)展，政策(ce)體系不斷完善。智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)業公共(gong)服(fu)務能力提升(sheng)，農(nong)業農(nong)村大數據平(ping)臺和農(nong)業農(nong)村用地“一張圖”啟動建(jian)(jian)設，持(chi)續開展全國農(nong)民(min)手機應用技能培(pei)訓。創新應用項(xiang)目(mu)不斷落地，支持(chi)建(jian)(jian)設國家智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)業創新應用項(xiang)目(mu)100多(duo)個(ge)，眾多(duo)智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)場(chang)、牧場(chang)和漁場(chang)加快發(fa)展。

同(tong)時(shi)，智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集群(qun)發(fa)(fa)展也面臨(lin)一些問(wen)題。目前，一些農(nong)業(ye)(ye)領域(yu)從業(ye)(ye)者年紀(ji)較大、知識更(geng)新滯后，對智(zhi)(zhi)能設(she)(she)備操作、數據(ju)分析等新技術的(de)接受和應(ying)用能力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足，高素質復合(he)型人才稀(xi)缺成(cheng)為制約智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集群(qun)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)瓶頸。而智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集群(qun)發(fa)(fa)展所需(xu)的(de)一些智(zhi)(zhi)能設(she)(she)備、軟件系(xi)統及基礎設(she)(she)施，由于不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)廠(chang)商設(she)(she)備和系(xi)統的(de)數據(ju)格式(shi)、通(tong)信(xin)協(xie)議不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，數據(ju)難以(yi)互(hu)通(tong)共享，形成(cheng)“信(xin)息孤島”，無法(fa)實(shi)現(xian)資源的(de)協(xie)同(tong)優化配置(zhi)。

應以數字生(sheng)產力(li)為(wei)引領，推動(dong)智慧農(nong)業集群發(fa)展，聚(ju)焦三大著力(li)點，為(wei)農(nong)業高質量(liang)發(fa)展注入動(dong)力(li)。

一是以(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)優化(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)管理，破解(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)稀缺難題(ti)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)是智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)核心動能(neng)，以(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)抓(zhua)手(shou)(shou)，構建(jian)“線(xian)(xian)上+線(xian)(xian)下”協(xie)同發力(li)的(de)(de)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)育體(ti)系，是破解(jie)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)復合(he)型人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)短(duan)缺困境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵路徑。線(xian)(xian)上依托虛擬現(xian)實(shi)、云(yun)(yun)計(ji)算(suan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，打(da)造(zao)沉浸式智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字學(xue)習平(ping)臺，將現(xian)代農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)原理、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據分(fen)析建(jian)模、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)設(she)備操作(zuo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)核心課程進(jin)行數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)重構，通過仿(fang)真(zhen)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)還原無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)機植保(bao)航線(xian)(xian)規劃(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)溫室環境(jing)(jing)調(diao)控(kong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)真(zhen)實(shi)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)場景，實(shi)現(xian)“云(yun)(yun)端實(shi)訓”，打(da)破時空(kong)壁(bi)壘，提升培(pei)(pei)訓效(xiao)率與(yu)(yu)(yu)質量。線(xian)(xian)下深化(hua)(hua)產教融合(he)，聯動農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)園區與(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)校實(shi)訓基地，建(jian)設(she)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)實(shi)操工(gong)坊，配套(tao)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)設(she)備可視化(hua)(hua)操作(zuo)手(shou)(shou)冊(ce)與(yu)(yu)(yu)遠(yuan)程專(zhuan)家指導系統(tong)，讓學(xue)員在“學(xue)中(zhong)做、做中(zhong)學(xue)”，快速(su)掌握技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)精髓。同時，運(yun)用大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據構建(jian)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)畫像(xiang)系統(tong)，動態追蹤人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)成長軌跡(ji)、培(pei)(pei)訓經歷與(yu)(yu)(yu)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)意向，實(shi)現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需求與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)供給的(de)(de)精準對(dui)接，引導高(gao)校相(xiang)關(guan)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生向農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)一線(xian)(xian)有序流動；依托數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字管理中(zhong)臺，搭建(jian)遠(yuan)程技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)支援與(yu)(yu)(yu)量化(hua)(hua)績效(xiao)激勵(li)體(ti)系，營造(zao)良好的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)發展(zhan)生態，為(wei)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)注入持久動力(li)。

二是以數字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)驅動(dong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)與成(cheng)(cheng)本管控(kong)，突破勞動(dong)資料發展(zhan)瓶頸。面對智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)設(she)備(bei)“卡脖子”與高成(cheng)(cheng)本的雙重挑戰，亟須(xu)以數字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為引擎，構建(jian)全鏈(lian)(lian)條創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)系，推動(dong)勞動(dong)資料迭代升級。在(zai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)攻(gong)關方面，加大數字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)設(she)備(bei)研發領域(yu)的投入力度(du)，鼓(gu)勵企(qi)業(ye)與科研機構建(jian)立(li)產(chan)(chan)學研用協同(tong)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)機制，運用人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)能等(deng)(deng)先(xian)進(jin)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)，對土壤傳感器、精準農(nong)(nong)業(ye)軟(ruan)件(jian)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)等(deng)(deng)關鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進(jin)行優(you)化(hua)升級，提升國產(chan)(chan)設(she)備(bei)的精度(du)、穩定性和可靠(kao)性，實(shi)現核心技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)自主可控(kong)。在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)本控(kong)制領域(yu)，充分發揮云(yun)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)和邊緣(yuan)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)優(you)勢，搭建(jian)智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)集群共享(xiang)服(fu)務平(ping)臺，為企(qi)業(ye)提供彈性化(hua)的計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)資源(yuan)和軟(ruan)件(jian)服(fu)務，變“硬件(jian)購置”為“按需租用”，降低企(qi)業(ye)硬件(jian)和軟(ruan)件(jian)建(jian)設(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本。同(tong)時(shi)，借助區塊(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)建(jian)立(li)智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)設(she)備(bei)供應鏈(lian)(lian)聯盟，實(shi)現零部件(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、采購、銷(xiao)售全流程信(xin)息共享(xiang)，通過智(zhi)(zhi)能合約優(you)化(hua)供應鏈(lian)(lian)管理，降低設(she)備(bei)采購和維護成(cheng)(cheng)本，推動(dong)智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)集群向(xiang)高端(duan)化(hua)、規模(mo)化(hua)邁進(jin)，夯實(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)慧農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)的基礎。

三是以數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)(shu)促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)整(zheng)合與(yu)高(gao)效(xiao)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)，攻克勞動對(dui)象利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)難(nan)題。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)新型生產要(yao)素，是激活智(zhi)慧(hui)農業發展潛(qian)能的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)所在。以數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)紐帶，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)統(tong)一的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)標準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)通(tong)信協議，借助物聯網(wang)與(yu)5G技術(shu)(shu)，搭建(jian)全(quan)域感知網(wang)絡，實(shi)(shi)現不同廠商設(she)備和(he)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)互聯互通(tong)，打(da)破“信息孤島”，為(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)深度挖掘與(yu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)奠定基礎。在此之上，打(da)造智(zhi)慧(hui)農業大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)平(ping)臺，整(zheng)合種植、養殖、環境(jing)監(jian)測等多維度數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)資源，運用(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)挖掘和(he)人工智(zhi)能算法，對(dui)海(hai)量數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進行深度分析與(yu)價(jia)(jia)值提煉。如(ru)通(tong)過整(zheng)合土壤墑情、氣(qi)象變(bian)化、作(zuo)物生長(chang)等數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)病蟲害(hai)預(yu)警模型，預(yu)判災(zai)害(hai)風險(xian)，為(wei)(wei)科(ke)學決策(ce)提供有力(li)支(zhi)撐(cheng)；利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分析種植與(yu)養殖環節的(de)(de)資源需求和(he)產出(chu)，實(shi)(shi)現水、肥、飼料等精準(zhun)(zhun)配置(zhi)，提高(gao)資源利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率。運用(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)(shu)開(kai)發農產品質量追溯(su)系(xi)統(tong)，對(dui)農產品從田(tian)間(jian)到餐桌的(de)(de)全(quan)過程數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)進行記錄追蹤，實(shi)(shi)現質量安(an)全(quan)全(quan)程可溯(su)，提升農產品市場競(jing)爭力(li)，充分釋放勞動對(dui)象的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化價(jia)(jia)值，為(wei)(wei)智(zhi)慧(hui)農業集群高(gao)質量發展注(zhu)入動能。